Aim: To examine whether time of day significantly affects salivary IgA, cortisol, a-amylase and total protein levels before and after sub-maximal swimming.Method: Fourteen female swimmers (age 13±1.33 years, weight 48±4.75 kg, Vo2max 45.92±3.96 ml/kg/min) volunteered to participate in the study. In a fully randomized, cross over design, each subject performed 10×200 m front crawl at 80% of their seasonal best time, with one minute rest between each 200 m, at 08: 00 and 18: 00 hours on two days aware. Timed, unstimulated saliva samples were collected before and after exercise. Saliva samples were analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05.Results: Significant time of day effects (am and pm respectively) were observed in s-IgA, S-IgA, cortisol, and saliva flow rate, αamylase and total protein before exercise (P<0.05). The exercise protocol did not significantly affect s-IgA but, in comparison with values before exercise, caused significant alterations in cortisol, S-IgA, saliva flow rate, αamylase and total protein (P<0.05). There was no significant interaction effect of time of day by exercise on any salivary variables measured except αamylase.Conclusion: These results suggest a significant circadian variation in the variables measured before exercise, with showing a significant effect on their acute responses to exercise except s-IgA and a significant interaction effect of time of day by exercise on salivary aamylase.

Objective(s): Cardiac fibrosis is a key biological process of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a lipid-binding protein that can regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis, and its expression was elevated in heart failure. However, whether FABP4 is involved in cardiac fibrosis remains unknown. Materials and Methods: The cardiac fibrosis model was established in male C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneously infused angiotensin II (Ang-II) (2. 8 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. DMSO or FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 (50 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks. Ang II-infused mice, FABP4 inhibitor (BMS309403) injected mice, and ventricular tissue were used for morphological studies, and histological and biochemical analyses (FABP4 protein composition and expression). Results: Ang II infusion increased FABP4 mRNA and protein expression in the mouse ventricular tissue. After treatment with FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 for 4 weeks, mice showed improved cardiac structure and function as detected by echocardiography. BMS309403 suppressed cardiac and systemic inflammatory response, reduced collagen deposition, and mRNA expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) and collagen type III (COL3A1) in Ang II-infused mice. BMS309403 also reduced the number of α,-smooth muscle actin (α,-SMA)+cells and decreased the mRNA expression of α,-SMA, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β,(TGF‑, β, ) in ventricular tissue. Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of BMS309403 on cardiac fibrosis might be associated with INHIBITION of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which Ang II activated. Thus, our data speculated that INHIBITION of FABP4 could significantly induce cardiac fibrosis.

There are many evidences that human serum paraoxonase activity modifies plasma lipid profile and paraoxonase has an antiatherogenic property. Non-selective beta-blockers affect plasma lipid profile too, but they have atherogenic property when. patients take these drugs in longtenn. In this study the effect of propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, on paraoxonase activity was investigated. Lineweaver-Burk and secondary plots were drawn and showed that propranolol is a mixed non-competitive inhibitor of paraoxonase.

The effectiveness of binary mixtures of phosphorus and sulfur compounds as coke inhibitors for naphtha pyrolysis has been studied. As both phosphorus and sulfur compounds proved to be promising coke inhibitors, runs were made with mixtures of these compounds. The coke deposited was significantly lower when phosphor was used together with sulfur. Also, the effect of the addition of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 in the naphtha feed was investigated. It was found that the addition of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 reduced the coke formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for the microstructure of deposited coke and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX) for the surface elemental composition of coke formed on the surface of stainless steel coupons. It was found that in the presence of inhibitors, deposited coke has a porous structure and so small amounts of Ni , Cr , and Fe elements.